Spores are covered by hard protective coat which enables them to survive under unfavorable conditions, like lack of food, lack of water and extreme temperature but when the conditions are favorable the spores can grow to produce new plants. The reproduction by spores take place in plants. How will an organism benefited if it reproduce through spores? They have a high degree of organization in their body so they cannot reproduce their body through regeneration. In multicellular complex organism, specialized cells makes up tissue, tissue makes up organ, organ makes up organ system and finally organ system makes up organism. Why multicellular complex organism cannot show power of regeneration? The cells present in ball of cells move to their proper places and form various organs and body parts of an organisms. The cells of cut body part divide rapidly to make ball of cells.
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It occurs by the process of growth and development. If the body of planaria somehow gets cut into number of pieces then each body piece can regenerate into complete planaria. Planaria (Flatworm) is found in freshwater ponds.
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For example simple animals like Hydra and Planaria show regeneration.
#FAST REPRODUCTION BY BINARY FISSION ENABLES BACTERIA TO FULL#
The process of getting back off full organism from its body part is called regeneration.
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When these air borne spores land on food or soil, under favorable condition they germinate and produce new plants. When the spore case burst, then the spores spread into air. The common bread mould plant (rhizopus) consists of thread like hyphae and thin stretch having knob like sporangium which contains 100 of spores enclosed in spore-case. When these air borne spores land on food or soil, under favorable condition they germinate and produce new plants for example: Most of the fungi such as Rhizopus ( bread mould) ,mucor, bacteria, non-flowering plants, ferns and mosses. In spare formation, the parent plant produces 100 of microscopic reproductive units called “spores” with in the spore case. This bud then grows gradually by developing mouth and tentacles and then tiny new hydra detaches itself from parent organism and lives as a separate organism. In Hydra a small out growth (bud) is formed on the sites of its body by the repeated mitotic division of its cell. In budding a small part of a body of parent organism grows out as a bud which then detaches and become a new organism.įor Example: Hydra, yeast reproduce by budding. When a favorable conditions arrive the cyst breaks open and daughter cells are released each farming a new organism. Inside the cyst the nucleus of cell splits several time to form many daughter nuclei and then cytoplasm collect around each daughter nuclei and thin membrane are form so many new daughter cells are form with in a cyst. Some organisms during unfavorable condition a cyst or protective wall is formed around the cell of plasmodium. In multiple fission the parent organism splits to form many new organisms at same time. In amoeba fission take place in any plane but in Leihsmania splitting of parent cell during fission takes place in definite place longitudinal with respect to flagellum at its end. When the amoeba cell has reached its maximum size of growth, then first the nucleus of amoeba lengthen and divide into two parts after that cytoplasm of parent amoeba divides to form two smaller daughter amoeboe. In Binary Fission, the parent organism splits to form two new organisms for example- Amoeba, Paramecium Leishmania, Bacteria etc are reproduce by binary fission. In the process of fission a unicellular organism split to form two or more new organism. The process of production of new organism from two parents by making use of sex cells.
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The production of new organism from a single parent without the involvement of sex cells (or gametes) is called asexual reproduction. There are two main methods of reproduction in living. Reproduction give rise to more organism with the same basic characteristics as their parents. The process of reproduction ensure continuity of life on earth. Reproduction is essential for the survival of species on this earth. The production of new organism from the existing organism of the same species is called reproduction.